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| Written by EvePenman. Find her @ Her Blog |
As Throwback Thursday winds down and Flashback Friday gears up, I want to share a couple legal definitions that were current 40 years ago in 1974.
This is all new information that I learned today while doing research. The information may not be relevant to current matters involving cannabis, yet it all serves as a valid reminder of how much information can change based on what is known or not known through studies; and how laws, the words used to define laws, and the definitions of those words can all change over the course of time -- not to mention the spellings!
Black's Law Dictionary: Revised Fourth Edition, 11th Reprint, 1974:
Marajuana plant:
- The plant scientifically known as cannabis indica or cannabis americana, though there possibly may be some slight and unimportant botanical difference between the two, but apparently none in its effect upon the human system.
- See Mariguana.
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- "Mariguana" is an annual herb, cannabis sativa, having angular rough stem and deeply lobed leaves. The bast fibres of cannabis are the hemp of commerce. A drug prepared from "cannabis sativa," designated in technical dictionaries as "cannabis" and commonly known as marijuana, mariahuana, marajuana, maraguana, or marihuana, in Southern and Western states. State v. Navaro, 83 Utah 6, 26 P.2d 955; People v. Savage, 148 P.2d 654, 64 Cal.App.2d 314. For the history of cannabis, see Simpson v. State, 176 So. 515, 129 Fla. 127.
- "Marihuana" is referred to by Brundage's Toxicology as a drug, the use of which results in a "sense of exhilaration; pleasurable intoxication; peculiar prolongation of time; sense of double consciousness followed by drowsiness; anaethesia; loss of power, particularly of the lower extremities; pupils dilated; pulse rapid; respiration slow; may cause increased sexual desires; catalepsy; sometimes convulsions." It is known most generally in the United States by the Mexican name, "Marihuana," because it was introduced into this country by Mexicans. State v. Navaro, 83 Utah 6, 26 P.2d 955.
- "Marihuana" is the Mexican term for cannabis indica. The plant or drug known as cannabis indica, or marihuana, has as its parent the plant known as cannabis sativa. It is popularly known in India as cannabis indica; in America, as cannabis americana; in Mexico, as cannabis mexicana, or marihuana. It is all the same drug, and is known in different countries by different names. It is scientifically known as cannabis sativa, and is popularly called cannabis americana, cannabis indica, or cannabis mexicana, in accordance with the geographical origin of the particular plant. In the East, it is known as charras, as gunga, as hasheesh, as bhang, or siddi, and goes by a variety of names in the countries of Continental Europe. In America, particularly in the South and Southwestern portions of the United States, it is called marihuana. It is popularly known among the criminal element as "muggles," or "mooter," and addicts are commonly termed "muggle heads." State v. Navaro, 83 Utah 6, 26 P.2d 955.
Going back over 100 years ago to 1902:
The second edition of A Manual of Toxicology by Albert Harrison Brundage, A.M., M.D., Phar.D., was published. It is that manual which is referenced as Brundage's Toxicology in the 1974 Black's Law Dictionary definition of Mariguana referenced above (second bullet point).
Brundage's Toxicology is "A concise presentation of the principal facts relating to poisons, with detailed directions for the treatment of poisoning. Also a table of doses of the principal and many new remedies." On Page 300, cannabis indica is listed as a vegetable poison.
Along with the symptoms of the cannabis 'poisoning' -- sense of exhilaration; pleasurable intoxication; peculiar prolongation of time; sense of double consciousness followed by drowsiness; anaethesia; loss of power, particularly of the lower extremities; pupils dilated; pulse rapid; respiration slow; may cause increased sexual desires; catalepsy; sometimes convulsions -- Brundage's Toxicology also gives the recommended treatments for the poisoning, beginning on Page 103 (this is not medical advice):
- evacuate the stomach, syphon out with a stomach-tube
- use emetic
- Zinc Sulphate
- Mustard
- Ipecacuanha
- Ipecac
- Apomorphine Hydrochlorate, hypodermically
- give strong tea
- Tannic Acid
- Gallic Acid
- give Sweet Spirit of Nitre
- stimulate with strong coffee, or
- Caffein Citrate
- Atropine Sulphate, hypodermically
- Tincture of Belladonna
- Amyl Nitrate
- artificial respiration if respiration is embarrassed
- may apply electricity to the chest muscles
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